{"document_id":"BLC-STUDY-0089","slug":"eip-4337","title":"Account Abstraction Using Alt Mempool","authors":"Vitalik Buterin, Yoav Weiss, Dror Tirosh, Shahaf Nacson, Alex Forshtat, Kristof Gazso and Tjaden Hess","year":2021,"date_label":"2021","publisher":"Vitalik Buterin, Yoav Weiss, Dror Tirosh, Shahaf Nacson, Alex Forshtat, Kristof Gazso and Tjaden Hess","paper_type":"Design paper","category":"Data and agents","topics":["Data and agents"],"source_url":"https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-4337","source_label":"EIP-4337","legacy_pdf_path":null,"sha256":null,"sha256_note":"No hash is published. This build does not store those PDF bytes, so a checksum would be invented. Where a legacy path exists, it points at the Internet Archive copy of the old library.","version":"Source cited by the 2021 study. The study is the reading. This page does not add a second essay.","doi":null,"rights_status":"Official external source only","source_status":"Official source","use_status":"Metadata and commentary only. The reading is the study page.","licence":null,"licence_label":"No licence recorded. Rights status under review.","full_text":null,"full_text_reason":"Full text is not published on this page. Public availability is not a licence to republish a document. Blockchain Lab has not recorded a licence that permits an HTML transcription, a training set, or a retrieval corpus of the paper. Text on this page is Blockchain Lab's own wording, or a pointer to a study that is also Blockchain Lab's wording.","editorial_line":"Smart-contract accounts that propose UserOperations, bundled by a separate mempool, without a change to Ethereum's consensus. Paymasters can sponsor gas. The validation rule lives in the account, which is the point and the risk.","canonical_url":"https://blockchainlab.com/whitepaper/eip-4337","record_url":"https://blockchainlab.com/research/corpus/papers/eip-4337","study_url":"https://blockchainlab.com/whitepaper/eip-4337","last_reviewed":"2026-10-01","last_checked":"2026-10-01","relationships":[{"rel":"Canonical reading","label":"ERC-4337 study","href":"/whitepaper/eip-4337"},{"rel":"Related paper","label":"Flash Boys 2.0","href":"/whitepaper/flash-boys-2"},{"rel":"Related paper","label":"Uniswap v4","href":"/whitepaper/uniswap-v4"},{"rel":"Related paper","label":"Chainlink","href":"/whitepaper/chainlink"}]}