{"document_id":"BLC-STUDY-0016","slug":"elrond","title":"Elrond: A Highly Scalable Public Blockchain via Adaptive State Sharding","authors":"The Elrond team","year":2019,"date_label":"2019","publisher":"The Elrond team","paper_type":"Design paper","category":"Consensus","topics":["Consensus"],"source_url":"https://multiversx.com/","source_label":"MultiversX (formerly Elrond)","legacy_pdf_path":null,"sha256":null,"sha256_note":"No hash is published. This build does not store those PDF bytes, so a checksum would be invented. Where a legacy path exists, it points at the Internet Archive copy of the old library.","version":"Source cited by the 2019 study. The study is the reading. This page does not add a second essay.","doi":null,"rights_status":"Official external source only","source_status":"Official source","use_status":"Metadata and commentary only. The reading is the study page.","licence":null,"licence_label":"No licence recorded. Rights status under review.","full_text":null,"full_text_reason":"Full text is not published on this page. Public availability is not a licence to republish a document. Blockchain Lab has not recorded a licence that permits an HTML transcription, a training set, or a retrieval corpus of the paper. Text on this page is Blockchain Lab's own wording, or a pointer to a study that is also Blockchain Lab's wording.","editorial_line":"The 2019 Elrond paper on adaptive state sharding: shards that hold state, a metachain that notarises results, and a secure proof-of-stake selection of validators. The network later rebranded as MultiversX. The paper remains the design document.","canonical_url":"https://blockchainlab.com/whitepaper/elrond","record_url":"https://blockchainlab.com/research/corpus/papers/elrond","study_url":"https://blockchainlab.com/whitepaper/elrond","last_reviewed":"2026-10-01","last_checked":"2026-10-01","relationships":[{"rel":"Canonical reading","label":"MultiversX study","href":"/whitepaper/elrond"},{"rel":"Related paper","label":"Zilliqa","href":"/whitepaper/zilliqa"},{"rel":"Related paper","label":"Harmony","href":"/whitepaper/harmony"},{"rel":"Related paper","label":"NEAR","href":"/whitepaper/near"}]}