{"document_id":"BLC-STUDY-0093","slug":"fruitchains","title":"FruitChains: A Fair Blockchain","authors":"Rafael Pass and Elaine Shi","year":2016,"date_label":"2016","publisher":"Rafael Pass and Elaine Shi","paper_type":"Design paper","category":"Consensus","topics":["Consensus"],"source_url":"https://eprint.iacr.org/2016/916","source_label":"ePrint 2016/916","legacy_pdf_path":null,"sha256":null,"sha256_note":"No hash is published. This build does not store those PDF bytes, so a checksum would be invented. Where a legacy path exists, it points at the Internet Archive copy of the old library.","version":"Source cited by the 2016 study. The study is the reading. This page does not add a second essay.","doi":null,"rights_status":"Official external source only","source_status":"Official source","use_status":"Metadata and commentary only. The reading is the study page.","licence":null,"licence_label":"No licence recorded. Rights status under review.","full_text":null,"full_text_reason":"Full text is not published on this page. Public availability is not a licence to republish a document. Blockchain Lab has not recorded a licence that permits an HTML transcription, a training set, or a retrieval corpus of the paper. Text on this page is Blockchain Lab's own wording, or a pointer to a study that is also Blockchain Lab's wording.","editorial_line":"Nakamoto consensus can pay a minority coalition more than its share of hash power, which is the selfish-mining observation. FruitChains records transactions in 'fruit' that hang off the chain, and pays out over a window so honest hash power gets roughly honest rewards.","canonical_url":"https://blockchainlab.com/whitepaper/fruitchains","record_url":"https://blockchainlab.com/research/corpus/papers/fruitchains","study_url":"https://blockchainlab.com/whitepaper/fruitchains","last_reviewed":"2026-10-01","last_checked":"2026-10-01","relationships":[{"rel":"Canonical reading","label":"FruitChains study","href":"/whitepaper/fruitchains"},{"rel":"Related paper","label":"Prism","href":"/whitepaper/prism"},{"rel":"Related paper","label":"Bitcoin-NG","href":"/whitepaper/bitcoin-ng"},{"rel":"Related paper","label":"GHOST","href":"/whitepaper/ghost"}]}