{"document_id":"BLC-STUDY-0012","slug":"hashgraph","title":"The Swirlds Hashgraph Consensus Algorithm: Fair, Fast, Byzantine Fault Tolerance","authors":"Leemon Baird","year":2016,"date_label":"2016","publisher":"Leemon Baird","paper_type":"Design paper","category":"Consensus","topics":["Consensus"],"source_url":"https://www.swirlds.com/downloads/SWIRLDS-TR-2016-01.pdf","source_label":"Swirlds TR-2016-01","legacy_pdf_path":null,"sha256":null,"sha256_note":"No hash is published. This build does not store those PDF bytes, so a checksum would be invented. Where a legacy path exists, it points at the Internet Archive copy of the old library.","version":"Source cited by the 2016 study. The study is the reading. This page does not add a second essay.","doi":null,"rights_status":"Official external source only","source_status":"Official source","use_status":"Metadata and commentary only. The reading is the study page.","licence":null,"licence_label":"No licence recorded. Rights status under review.","full_text":null,"full_text_reason":"Full text is not published on this page. Public availability is not a licence to republish a document. Blockchain Lab has not recorded a licence that permits an HTML transcription, a training set, or a retrieval corpus of the paper. Text on this page is Blockchain Lab's own wording, or a pointer to a study that is also Blockchain Lab's wording.","editorial_line":"Baird's technical report on hashgraph: gossip about gossip, a virtual vote computed from the graph, and a fairness claim about the order of transactions. Hedera is the later public network that uses the algorithm under a governing council.","canonical_url":"https://blockchainlab.com/whitepaper/hashgraph","record_url":"https://blockchainlab.com/research/corpus/papers/hashgraph","study_url":"https://blockchainlab.com/whitepaper/hashgraph","last_reviewed":"2026-10-01","last_checked":"2026-10-01","relationships":[{"rel":"Canonical reading","label":"Hedera study","href":"/whitepaper/hashgraph"},{"rel":"Related paper","label":"Avalanche","href":"/whitepaper/avalanche"},{"rel":"Related paper","label":"Tendermint","href":"/whitepaper/tendermint"}]}