{"document_id":"BLC-STUDY-0173","slug":"validium","title":"Validium and the Data-Availability Spectrum","authors":"StarkWare","year":2020,"date_label":"2020","publisher":"StarkWare","paper_type":"Design paper","category":"Scaling","topics":["Scaling"],"source_url":"https://medium.com/starkware/volition-and-the-emerging-data-availability-spectrum-87e8bfa09bb","source_label":"StarkWare, 2020","legacy_pdf_path":null,"sha256":null,"sha256_note":"No hash is published. This build does not store those PDF bytes, so a checksum would be invented. Where a legacy path exists, it points at the Internet Archive copy of the old library.","version":"Source cited by the 2020 study. The study is the reading. This page does not add a second essay.","doi":null,"rights_status":"Official external source only","source_status":"Official source","use_status":"Metadata and commentary only. The reading is the study page.","licence":null,"licence_label":"No licence recorded. Rights status under review.","full_text":null,"full_text_reason":"Full text is not published on this page. Public availability is not a licence to republish a document. Blockchain Lab has not recorded a licence that permits an HTML transcription, a training set, or a retrieval corpus of the paper. Text on this page is Blockchain Lab's own wording, or a pointer to a study that is also Blockchain Lab's wording.","editorial_line":"Validium proves execution and keeps the data off the parent chain, with a committee or another store. Volition lets a user choose, per state, whether the data sits on the parent.","canonical_url":"https://blockchainlab.com/whitepaper/validium","record_url":"https://blockchainlab.com/research/corpus/papers/validium","study_url":"https://blockchainlab.com/whitepaper/validium","last_reviewed":"2026-10-01","last_checked":"2026-10-01","relationships":[{"rel":"Canonical reading","label":"Validium study","href":"/whitepaper/validium"},{"rel":"Related paper","label":"StarkWare","href":"/whitepaper/starks"},{"rel":"Related paper","label":"Fraud and data availability proofs","href":"/whitepaper/fraud-and-da"}]}