M-of-N Standard Transactions

BIP 11, M-of-N Standard Transactions. M-of-N-signatures required transactions as a new 'standard' transaction type.

Official external source only
Design paper
Official source

Record

Authors: Gavin Andresen
Date: 2011
Publisher: Gavin Andresen
Version: Source cited by the 2011 study. The study is the reading. This page does not add a second essay.
Document ID: BLC-STUDY-0206
DOI: None recorded
Last reviewed: 1 October 2026
Licence: No licence recorded. Rights status under review.

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Direct answer

BIP 11, M-of-N Standard Transactions. M-of-N-signatures required transactions as a new 'standard' transaction type.

Where to read

Official source — BIP 11
Blockchain Lab study, the canonical readingOriginal commentary. Not a transcription of the paper.

Metadata and commentary only. The reading is the study page.

Full text

Full text is not published on this page. Public availability is not a licence to republish a document. Blockchain Lab has not recorded a licence that permits an HTML transcription, a training set, or a retrieval corpus of the paper. Text on this page is Blockchain Lab's own wording, or a pointer to a study that is also Blockchain Lab's wording.

What changed

Status in the source: Deployed. A reading of the public specification, not a copy of it and not a certification.

Relationships

Canonical readingBIP 11 study
Related paperGroth16
Related paperBulletproofs
Related paperTaproot

Cite this record

These citations point at the source document. They are not a licence to copy it.

Author–date

Andresen, G. (2011). M-of-N Standard Transactions. Gavin Andresen. https://bips.dev/11

BibTeX

@techreport{bip112011,
  title = {M-of-N Standard Transactions},
  author = {Gavin Andresen},
  year = {2011},
  institution = {Gavin Andresen},
  url = {https://bips.dev/11},
  note = {Rights status: Official external source only. Blockchain Lab record: https://blockchainlab.com/research/corpus/papers/bip-11}
}

RIS

TY  - RPRT
TI  - M-of-N Standard Transactions
AU  - Gavin Andresen
PY  - 2011
PB  - Gavin Andresen
UR  - https://bips.dev/11
N1  - Rights status: Official external source only
ER  -

CSL-JSON

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  {
    "type": "report",
    "id": "BLC-STUDY-0206",
    "title": "M-of-N Standard Transactions",
    "author": [
      {
        "literal": "Gavin Andresen"
      }
    ],
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2011
        ]
      ]
    },
    "publisher": "Gavin Andresen",
    "URL": "https://bips.dev/11",
    "note": "Rights status: Official external source only. Not a licence to republish the paper."
  }
]

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Rights record

Source status: Official source
Use status: Metadata and commentary only. The reading is the study page.
Rights: Official external source only
Training and retrieval: Not permitted from this site. There is no rights-cleared full text to retrieve or to train on.

Rights and licensing Corrections