Research corpus
The citeable record of the papers in this library.
PDFs stay the source artefact. These pages are the rights, citation, and relationship layer. Full text is not republished. No document here is marked public domain or cleared for model training.
Ten records, built first
Bitcoin, the Ethereum white paper, Ouroboros, Lightning, Interledger, Dai, Terra, Chainlink, the Filecoin 2017 paper, and Corda. Where a study already exists, that study stays the canonical reading.
- 2008Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash SystemSatoshi Nakamoto. Rights uncertain. Bibliographic record.
- 2014Ethereum: A Next-Generation Smart Contract and Decentralized Application PlatformVitalik Buterin. Rights uncertain. Bibliographic record.
- 2017Ouroboros: A Provably Secure Proof-of-Stake Blockchain ProtocolAggelos Kiayias, Alexander Russell, Bernardo David, Roman Oliynykov. Official external source only. Editorial study exists.
- 2016The Bitcoin Lightning Network: Scalable Off-Chain Instant PaymentsJoseph Poon and Thaddeus Dryja. Official external source only. Editorial study exists.
- 2015A Protocol for Interledger PaymentsStefan Thomas and Evan Schwartz. Rights uncertain. Bibliographic record.
- 2017The Dai Stablecoin SystemMakerDAO. Official external source only. Editorial study exists.
- 2019Terra Money: Stability and AdoptionDo Kwon. Official external source only. Editorial study exists.
- 2017Chainlink: A Decentralized Oracle NetworkSteve Ellis, Ari Juels, Sergey Nazarov. Official external source only. Editorial study exists.
- 2017Filecoin: A Decentralized Storage NetworkProtocol Labs. Official external source only. Editorial study exists.
- 2016Corda: An IntroductionRichard Gendal Brown, James Carlyle, Ian Grigg, Mike Hearn. Rights uncertain. Bibliographic record.
Historic library files
13 files that were already on the old PDF index and do not have a study. The legacy paths stay. Hashes are omitted unless the bytes were actually hashed.
- 2016Ethereum: A Secure Decentralised Generalised Transaction Ledger (EIP-150 revision)Gavin Wood. Rights uncertain. Bibliographic record.
- 2014The Ripple Protocol Consensus AlgorithmDavid Schwartz, Noah Youngs, and Arthur Britto. Rights uncertain. Bibliographic record.
- 2015The Stellar Consensus Protocol: A Federated Model for Internet-level ConsensusDavid Mazières. Rights uncertain. Bibliographic record.
- 2014Enabling Blockchain Innovations with Pegged SidechainsBack et al.. Rights uncertain. Bibliographic record.
- Date openTether: Fiat currencies on the Bitcoin blockchainNot named in this record. Rights uncertain. Bibliographic record.
- Date openDash: A Privacy-Centric CryptocurrencyDuffield and Diaz. Rights uncertain. Bibliographic record.
- 2012PPCoin: Peer-to-Peer Crypto-Currency with Proof-of-StakeKing and Nadal. Rights uncertain. Bibliographic record.
- Date openThe TangleSerguei Popov. Rights uncertain. Bibliographic record.
- 2014Filecoin: A Cryptocurrency Operated File Storage NetworkNot named in this record. Rights uncertain. Bibliographic record.
- Date openGnosisNot named in this record. Rights uncertain. Bibliographic record.
- Date openSia: Simple Decentralized StorageVorick and Champine. Rights uncertain. Bibliographic record.
- Date openStorj: A Peer-to-Peer Cloud Storage NetworkWilkinson et al.. Rights uncertain. Bibliographic record.
- 2016Kadena: The first scalable, high performance private blockchainNot named in this record. Rights uncertain. Bibliographic record.
Editorial studies
104 design papers already have a long reading at /whitepaper. The corpus page is a bibliographic wrapper. It does not compete with the study, and it does not copy the paper.
- CryptoNote v 2.02013. Privacy.
- Zerocoin: Anonymous Distributed E-Cash from Bitcoin2013. Privacy.
- Zerocash: Decentralized Anonymous Payments from Bitcoin2014. Privacy.
- Ring Confidential Transactions2016. Privacy.
- Mimblewimble2016. Privacy.
- ALGORAND: The Efficient and Democratic Ledger2017. Consensus.
- Snowflake to Avalanche: A Novel Metastable Consensus Protocol Family2018. Consensus.
- Solana: A new architecture for a high performance blockchain2018. Consensus.
- Tendermint: Consensus without Mining2014. Consensus.
- Tezos — a self-amending crypto-ledger2014. Consensus.
- The Swirlds Hashgraph Consensus Algorithm: Fair, Fast, Byzantine Fault Tolerance2016. Consensus.
- Nano: A Feeless Distributed Cryptocurrency Network2017. Consensus.
- The ZILLIQA Technical Whitepaper2017. Consensus.
- Harmony Technical Whitepaper2019. Consensus.
- Elrond: A Highly Scalable Public Blockchain via Adaptive State Sharding2019. Consensus.
- The NEAR White Paper2019. Consensus.
- The Aptos Blockchain: Safe, Scalable, and Upgradeable Web3 Infrastructure2022. Consensus.
- The Sui Smart Contracts Platform2022. Consensus.
- The Diem Blockchain2020. Consensus.
- Coda: Decentralized Cryptocurrency at Scale2020. Consensus.
- The Open Network2021. Consensus.
- Chainweb: A Proof-of-Work Parallel-Chain Architecture for Massive Throughput2018. Consensus.
- EOS.IO Technical White Paper2018. Consensus.
- DFINITY Consensus System2018. Consensus.
- Polkadot: Vision for a heterogeneous multi-chain framework2016. Interoperability.
- Cosmos: A Network of Distributed Ledgers2016. Interoperability.
- Plasma: Scalable Autonomous Smart Contracts2017. Scaling.
- Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts2018. Scaling.
- Scalable, transparent, and post-quantum secure computational integrity2018. Scaling.
- LazyLedger: A Distributed Data Availability Ledger With Client-Side Smart Contracts2019. Scaling.
- EigenLayer: The Restaking Collective2023. Scaling.
- Matic Network white paper2019. Scaling.
- Uniswap v2 Core2020. Markets.
- Uniswap v3 Core2021. Markets.
- StableSwap — efficient mechanism for Stablecoin liquidity2019. Markets.
- Balancer: A non-custodial portfolio manager, liquidity provider, and price sensor2019. Markets.
- 0x: An open protocol for decentralized exchange on the Ethereum blockchain2017. Markets.
- Bancor Protocol: Continuous Liquidity and Asynchronous Price Discovery for Tokens through their Smart Contracts2017. Markets.
- THORChain: a decentralised liquidity protocol2020. Markets.
- Compound: The Money Market Protocol2019. Credit and stable value.
- Aave Protocol white paper2020. Credit and stable value.
- The Graph: a decentralised query protocol for blockchains2020. Data and agents.
- Augur: a Decentralized Oracle and Prediction Market Platform2018. Data and agents.
- Ocean Protocol: A Decentralized Substrate for AI Data and Services2019. Data and agents.
- Bittensor: A Peer-to-Peer Intelligence Market2021. Data and agents.
- SingularityNET: A Decentralized, Open Market and Network for AIs2017. Data and agents.
- Arweave yellow paper2018. Storage and networks.
- Helium: A Decentralized Wireless Network2018. Storage and networks.
- The Golem Project: crowdfunding white paper2016. Storage and networks.
- Livepeer: a decentralised live video streaming network2017. Storage and networks.
- Basic Attention Token: Blockchain Based Digital Advertising2018. Storage and networks.
- Enigma: Decentralized Computation Platform with Guaranteed Privacy2015. Confidential compute.
- Ekiden: A Platform for Confidentiality-Preserving, Trustworthy, and Performant Smart Contracts2019. Confidential compute.
- Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance1999. Consensus.
- Bitcoin-NG: A Scalable Blockchain Protocol2016. Consensus.
- Secure High-Rate Transaction Processing in Bitcoin2015. Consensus.
- PHANTOM and GHOSTDAG2018. Consensus.
- SPECTRE: A Fast and Scalable Cryptocurrency Protocol2016. Consensus.
- Casper the Friendly Finality Gadget2017. Consensus.
- HotStuff: BFT Consensus in the Lens of Blockchain2019. Consensus.
- The Honey Badger of BFT Protocols2016. Consensus.
- Narwhal and Tusk: A DAG-based Mempool and Efficient BFT Consensus2022. Consensus.
- Snow White: Robustly Reconfigurable Consensus2017. Consensus.
- Thunderella: Blockchains with Optimistic Instant Confirmation2017. Consensus.
- Confidential Transactions2015. Privacy.
- Bulletproofs: Short Proofs for Confidential Transactions and More2018. Privacy.
- On the Size of Pairing-based Non-interactive Arguments2016. Privacy.
- PLONK: Permutations over Lagrange-bases for Oecumenical Noninteractive arguments of Knowledge2019. Privacy.
- Halo: Recursive Proof Composition without a Trusted Setup2019. Privacy.
- Zexe: Enabling Decentralized Private Computation2020. Privacy.
- Fraud and Data Availability Proofs2018. Scaling.
- A scalable verification solution for blockchains2017. Scaling.
- Constant-Size Commitments to Polynomials and Their Applications2010. Scaling.
- Proofs of Space2015. Consensus.
- Verifiable Delay Functions2018. Consensus.
- Atomic Cross-Chain Swaps2018. Interoperability.
- Sprites and State Channels2017. Interoperability.
- The Interblockchain Communication Protocol2020. Interoperability.
- Flash Boys 2.0: Frontrunning, Transaction Reordering, and Consensus Instability in Decentralized Exchanges2019. Markets.
- Uniswap v4 Core2023. Markets.
- The Time-Weighted Average Market Maker2021. Markets.
- Liquity: Decentralized Borrowing2021. Credit and stable value.
- Account Abstraction Using Alt Mempool2021. Data and agents.
- Combining GHOST and Casper2020. Consensus.
- Deconstructing the Blockchain to Approach Physical Limits2019. Consensus.
- Streamlet: Textbook Streamlined Blockchains2020. Consensus.
- FruitChains: A Fair Blockchain2016. Consensus.
- All You Need is DAG2021. Consensus.
- Bullshark: DAG BFT Protocols Made Practical2022. Consensus.
- Fee market change for ETH 1.0 chain2019. Markets.
- Transaction Fee Mechanism Design2020. Markets.
- Shard Blob Transactions2022. Scaling.
- BitVM: Compute Anything on Bitcoin2023. Scaling.
- Cairo – a Turing-complete STARK-friendly CPU architecture2021. Scaling.
- Nova: Recursive Zero-Knowledge Arguments from Folding Schemes2021. Privacy.
- Marlin: Preprocessing zkSNARKs with Universal and Updatable SRS2019. Privacy.
- FROST: Flexible Round-Optimized Schnorr Threshold Signatures2020. Privacy.
- MuSig2: Simple Two-Round Schnorr Multi-Signatures2020. Privacy.
- BIP 341: Taproot: SegWit version 1 spending rules2020. Privacy.
- Automatic market-making with dynamic peg2021. Markets.
- Curve stablecoin design2022. Credit and stable value.
- UMA Data Verification Mechanism: Adding Economic Guarantees to Blockchain Oracles2020. Data and agents.
- Perun: Virtual Payment Hubs over Cryptocurrencies2017. Scaling.
- Semaphore: Zero-Knowledge Signaling on Ethereum2020. Privacy.
Machine-readable metadata, with no paper text: /api/v1/papers. Metadata only. Paper text is not included. Attribute Blockchain Lab if you republish this catalogue. The catalogue is not a licence to the papers.