Research corpus PrivacyBLC-STUDY-0075

Halo: Recursive Proof Composition without a Trusted Setup

Recursion for inner-product arguments, without a structured setup. A proof can attest that another proof was checked. That is how a chain can fold a long history into one object. Halo 2 is a later system.

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Record

Authors: Sean Bowe, Jack Grigg and Daira Hopwood
Date: 2019
Publisher: Sean Bowe, Jack Grigg and Daira Hopwood
Version: Source cited by the 2019 study. The study is the reading. This page does not add a second essay.
Document ID: BLC-STUDY-0075
DOI: None recorded
Last reviewed: 1 October 2026
Licence: No licence recorded. Rights status under review.

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Direct answer

Where to read

Official source — ePrint 2019/1021
Blockchain Lab study, the canonical readingOriginal commentary. Not a transcription of the paper.

Metadata and commentary only. The reading is the study page.

Full text

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What changed

The study separates the text from later network behaviour. This bibliographic page does not repeat that essay.

Relationships

Canonical readingHalo study
Related paperBulletproofs
Related paperPLONK
Related paperZexe

Cite this record

These citations point at the source document. They are not a licence to copy it.

Author–date

Bowe, S., Grigg, J., & Hopwood, D. (2019). Halo: Recursive Proof Composition without a Trusted Setup. Sean Bowe, Jack Grigg and Daira Hopwood. https://eprint.iacr.org/2019/1021

BibTeX

@techreport{halo2019,
  title = {Halo: Recursive Proof Composition without a Trusted Setup},
  author = {Sean Bowe, Jack Grigg and Daira Hopwood},
  year = {2019},
  institution = {Sean Bowe, Jack Grigg and Daira Hopwood},
  url = {https://eprint.iacr.org/2019/1021},
  note = {Rights status: Official external source only. Blockchain Lab record: https://blockchainlab.com/research/corpus/papers/halo}
}

RIS

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Halo: Recursive Proof Composition without a Trusted Setup
AU  - Sean Bowe
AU  - Jack Grigg
AU  - Daira Hopwood
PY  - 2019
PB  - Sean Bowe, Jack Grigg and Daira Hopwood
UR  - https://eprint.iacr.org/2019/1021
N1  - Rights status: Official external source only
ER  -

CSL-JSON

[
  {
    "type": "report",
    "id": "BLC-STUDY-0075",
    "title": "Halo: Recursive Proof Composition without a Trusted Setup",
    "author": [
      {
        "literal": "Sean Bowe"
      },
      {
        "literal": "Jack Grigg"
      },
      {
        "literal": "Daira Hopwood"
      }
    ],
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2019
        ]
      ]
    },
    "publisher": "Sean Bowe, Jack Grigg and Daira Hopwood",
    "URL": "https://eprint.iacr.org/2019/1021",
    "note": "Rights status: Official external source only. Not a licence to republish the paper."
  }
]

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Rights record

Source status: Official source
Use status: Metadata and commentary only. The reading is the study page.
Rights: Official external source only
Training and retrieval: Not permitted from this site. There is no rights-cleared full text to retrieve or to train on.

Rights and licensing Corrections