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PLONK: Permutations over Lagrange-bases for Oecumenical Noninteractive arguments of Knowledge

A SNARK with a universal and updatable structured reference string. One setup can serve many circuits. The proofs are larger than Groth16, and there is still a setup.

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Record

Authors
Ariel Gabizon, Zachary J. Williamson and Oana Ciobotaru
Date
2019
Publisher
Ariel Gabizon, Zachary J. Williamson and Oana Ciobotaru
Version
Source cited by the 2019 study. The study is the reading. This page does not add a second essay.
Document ID
BLC-STUDY-0074
DOI
None recorded
Last reviewed
1 October 2026
Licence
No licence recorded. Rights status under review.

No hash is published. This build does not store those PDF bytes, so a checksum would be invented. Where a legacy path exists, it points at the Internet Archive copy of the old library.

Direct answer

A SNARK with a universal and updatable structured reference string. One setup can serve many circuits. The proofs are larger than Groth16, and there is still a setup.

Where to read

Metadata and commentary only. The reading is the study page.

Full text

Full text is not published on this page. Public availability is not a licence to republish a document. Blockchain Lab has not recorded a licence that permits an HTML transcription, a training set, or a retrieval corpus of the paper. Text on this page is Blockchain Lab's own wording, or a pointer to a study that is also Blockchain Lab's wording.

What changed

The study separates the text from later network behaviour. This bibliographic page does not repeat that essay.

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Cite this record

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Author–date

Gabizon, A., Williamson, Z. J., & Ciobotaru, O. (2019). PLONK: Permutations over Lagrange-bases for Oecumenical Noninteractive arguments of Knowledge. Ariel Gabizon, Zachary J. Williamson and Oana Ciobotaru. https://eprint.iacr.org/2019/953

BibTeX

@techreport{plonk2019,
  title = {PLONK: Permutations over Lagrange-bases for Oecumenical Noninteractive arguments of Knowledge},
  author = {Ariel Gabizon, Zachary J. Williamson and Oana Ciobotaru},
  year = {2019},
  institution = {Ariel Gabizon, Zachary J. Williamson and Oana Ciobotaru},
  url = {https://eprint.iacr.org/2019/953},
  note = {Rights status: Official external source only. Blockchain Lab record: https://blockchainlab.com/research/corpus/papers/plonk}
}

RIS

TY  - RPRT
TI  - PLONK: Permutations over Lagrange-bases for Oecumenical Noninteractive arguments of Knowledge
AU  - Ariel Gabizon
AU  - Zachary J. Williamson
AU  - Oana Ciobotaru
PY  - 2019
PB  - Ariel Gabizon, Zachary J. Williamson and Oana Ciobotaru
UR  - https://eprint.iacr.org/2019/953
N1  - Rights status: Official external source only
ER  -

CSL-JSON

[
  {
    "type": "report",
    "id": "BLC-STUDY-0074",
    "title": "PLONK: Permutations over Lagrange-bases for Oecumenical Noninteractive arguments of Knowledge",
    "author": [
      {
        "literal": "Ariel Gabizon"
      },
      {
        "literal": "Zachary J. Williamson"
      },
      {
        "literal": "Oana Ciobotaru"
      }
    ],
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2019
        ]
      ]
    },
    "publisher": "Ariel Gabizon, Zachary J. Williamson and Oana Ciobotaru",
    "URL": "https://eprint.iacr.org/2019/953",
    "note": "Rights status: Official external source only. Not a licence to republish the paper."
  }
]

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Rights record

Source status
Official source
Use status
Metadata and commentary only. The reading is the study page.
Rights
Official external source only
Training and retrieval
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